The Bridge Between the World and Cognition Essay Example

The Bridge Between the World and Cognition Essay Introduction Language represents humans experiences and different fields hold different ways of language using. The language of science actively constructs scientific reality, I. E. A way of looking at the world, the roles assigned to readers and the way of organizing Information (LINKING-molestation). However, science may be presented diversely according to the different intended audience, purposes and modes. Three texts chosen in this paper are all concerned with the same scientific reality, but their language differs widely. The ways in which science are presented in this three texts argyle depends on their audience, purposes and modes. To put it another way, language of science in the chosen texts changes with changes in audience, purpose and mode. The focus of the present paper Is on how the language of science changes with different audience, purposes and modes from the perspectives of genre, technical language, lexical density, nominal groups and molestation, information organization, writer-reader relationship and the use of visuals. The first section of this paper is a brief introduction of the background and purpose. Part two, the most important one, extensively focuses on the detailed analysis of language changes of science. Then the concluding section sums up the main ideas. 2. Analysis and comment 2. 1 Genre Swales (1990) indicates that genres are a class of communicative events linked by some set of communicative purposes shared by members of a particular community; these purposes are the rationale of the genre and help to shape the ways it is organized and the choices of content and style It makes (LINKING-Genre). We will write a custom essay sample on The Bridge Between the World and Cognition specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Bridge Between the World and Cognition specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Bridge Between the World and Cognition specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It can be seen that the communicative purpose of a genre Is realized by highly organized move truce, which In turn Is achieved by rhetorical strategies. Text 1, taken from New Scientist, is a very popular international science magazine aiming at reporting the latest scientific development to the public. As a non-peer- reviewed magazine, the main readers of which are non-scientists. To achieve its communicative purposes, this text moves from the European hunter-gatherer was a blue-eyed boy? to by-line (source and the writer), then to introduction (theme of the whole text), and lastly comes the main body. In the body part, the main idea of An ancient hunter-gather has a genome similar to modern unmans is expanded by presenting more details with two subheadings: Farming genes and Healthy genomes. Whats more, exemplifications and explanations are made full use to illustrate this scientific finding. All In all, as far as the genre is the-minute news from BBC website. BBC News provides the politically impartial news for people around the world, thus the target audience are the public who are interested in the world news or learning English. This text is organized by heading, by-line, and two subheadings. As for the content and style, it repeats the scientific experiment with objective data and experts words. All these features go to the field of pedagogic science. Text 3 is an article published in the Journal Nature, a highly respected scientific Journal in that all the articles are peer-reviewed and maintain high research standards. Accordingly, the primary readers for this Journal are research scientists. This text is much longer and complex with lots of data, tales and figures, which give hints of professional science. To present the process of research, this text follows the formal structure of a research article: introduction, methods, exults and discussion (LINKING-Genre). 2. 2 Technical language Technical language is a typical characteristic of scientific articles. Ways to create technical language include taxonomies, definitions, compositions, naming and so on (LINKING-molestation). By employing the technical language, information can be greatly compacted and restructured. Due to the scientific nature of the three texts, any of them adopt the skill of technical language, but in different degrees. The target readers of Text 1 are the popular audience and it only reports the results of the research rather than doing experiments. So, it uses less technical language. Throughout the whole text, it can be found only one technical language used for definition in paragraph 5: For instance, lactose tolerance the ability to drink milk as an adult probably evolved when farming spread. Text 2, purposed to teach science, utilizes no typical means of creating technical language that mentioned above, but it has many proper names. For example, La Bran 1 and 2 in paragraph 6, UP radiation and vitamin D in paragraph 11 and lactose-intolerant and starch in paragraph 14. Text 3, the professional one, owns the most technical language to ensure its objectivity, authenticity and validity. At the first glance of this text, the technical language with the way of composition can be found: Next-generation sequencing (INS) technologies are revolutionized the field of ancient DNA (DNA), and have enabled the sequencing of complete ancient genomes, such as that of  ¶ditz, a Neolithic human body found in the Alps. Whats more, taking paragraph 5 (a very short one) as an example, there are altogether five proper names, namely, LA Bran genome, allele, lactose intolerance, salivary amylase and starch. 2. Lexical density Vocabulary is a basic feature of language and lexical density is closely related to the choice of vocabulary. Lexical density is a measure of the density of information in any passage of text and it is determined by calculating the ratio between the number of clauses in a text and the number of content words in a clause (LINKING- molestation). The high lexical density of a text gives a sense of being more formal, written and academic, whereas it is felt more spoken and As for the three texts in this paper, they are popular, pedagogic and professional science respectively. Lexical density, therefore, must be very different from one another. The titles of each text present their lexical density. After the lexical items in each headline being underlined, the three titles are presented as Ancient European hunter-gatherer was a blue-eyed boy, Hunter-gatherer European had blue eyes and dark skin and Derived immune and ancestral pigmentation alleles in a 7 000-year- old Megalithic European. The title of text 3 possesses the most contents words followed by the title of text 2 and that of text 1 has the least. When looking closely at he three texts, the feature of lexical density become clearer, that is, the lexical density is increasing form text 1, to text 2, then to text. 2. 4 Nominal groups and normalization Both nominal groups and normalization can make it come true that short space contain more information. A nominal group consists of a head noun and various elements placed before and after it which modify its meaning; while molestation is the process by which events, qualities and relationships come to be represented as things and nouns (LINKING-molestation). Here the first sentence of each text is hoses to illustrate the nominal groups and normalization in popular science, pedagogic science and professional science. Text 1: An ancient hunter-gatherer whose remains were found in a Spanish cave has a genome surprisingly similar to modern humans. Text 2: Genetic tests reveal that a hunter-gatherer who lived 7,000 years ago had the unusual combination of dark skin and hair and blue eyes. Text 3: Ancient genomic sequences have started to reveal the origin and the demographic impact of farmers from the Neolithic period spreading into Europe. The above examples show that the nominal groups (underlined parts) in text 3 is anger than those in text 2, which in turn are longer than in text 1. As the nominal groups get longer, more information is packed into the sentence. Hunter-gatherer in the first and second sentence and sequence in the third sentence are examples of normalization. 2. 5 Information organization Based on the different audience and communicative purposes, information organization in popular science differs widely from professional science. Popular science writers focus on the thing being studied rather than the methods used and they do not assume high degree of common knowledge; contrarily, professional scientists focus on the methods by which data was analyzed and assume that reader and writer share specialized knowledge (LINKING- Organizing information). As far as genres of the three texts are considered, information given in them is different, which determines the different ways of information organization. At the beginning of text 1, the main idea/macro-theme is given, which followed by genome surprisingly similar to modern humans. Lexical chains like but and for instance are utilized to enhance its cohesion. Same with the text 1, text 2 starts with the macro-theme and then gives some illustrations. Semantic relations are created by a set of cohesive devices, such as conjunctions (and/as), reference (they/it) and lexical cohesion (genetic/gene/genome). Text 3, as the professional science, keeps the formal information organization of a research article. Firstly, it shows us the macro- theme, and then gives the detailed process of data collection and analysis with hyper-themes. With more nominal groups, normalization, technical language and lexical chains, text 3 possesses a more cohesive argument. Take the first paragraph as an example: Next-generation sequencing (NAGS) technologies are revolutionized he field of ancient DNA (DNA), and have enabled the sequencing of complete ancient genomes, such as that of  ¶ditz, a Neolithic human body found in the Alps. However, very little is known of the genetic composition of earlier hunter-gatherer populations from the Megalithic period. 2. Relationship between writer and readers Writer-reader relationship plays a vital importance in the language of science. The target readers often determine the writing purpose and mode, through which forms the language style. The first text, titled Ancient European hunter-gatherer was a blue-eyed boy, is taken room New Scientist, which intends to report the latest scientific development to the public audience. This kind of relationship between writer and reader lead to the lang uage being popular and easy to understand. Text 2? Hunter-gatherer European had blue eyes and dark skin? is a piece of BBC news that present impartial news for worldwide people. As the news is reported by the announcer, the language of it couldnt be so complex that impede comprehension. Titled as Derived immune and ancestral pigmentation alleles in a 7 000-year-old Megalithic European, text 3 is an article chosen from the highly respected Journal Nature. Owing to the fact that the main readers of this Journal are research scientists, the language of it must be very objective, authentic and evidence-oriented. 2. Use of visuals Using proper visuals can not only enhance the reliability and validity of the scientific language, but also nicely draw the readers attention. All the three texts adopt the skills of visuals, like pictures, hyper links, underlined words, etc. However, it still has some differences between the three texts. For instance, the colorful picture of the lee-eyed boy appears in both the first and second text, bu t not in the third one. This colorful picture does well in arousing readers interests, which is very helpful to achieve the texts communicative purposes. Besides, some words in text 1 are typed in different color and text 2 includes marked sentence that extracted from other text. Compared with the first two, the third text uses more figures and tables, which greatly present the data analysis and shows the professional nature of this text. 3. Conclusion From what has been discussed above, weve got to know that the language of science hoses three texts in the light of genre, technical language, lexical density, nominal groups and molestation, information organization, writer-reader relationship and the use of visuals. In general, text 1, aims at reporting the scientific development to the common people, belongs to the popular science with less technical language, nominal groups and mollification, and low lexical density; text 2, purposed to provide the politically impartial news for people around the world, falls into the field of pedagogic science, which has more technical language, nominal groups and implantation, and higher lexical density than text 1; text, being the professional science, aims to present the experiment to research scientists and possess the most technical language, nominal groups and mollification, and the highest lexical density.

German language Essay Example

German language Essay Example German language Essay German language Essay Learning a foreign linguistic communication calls for assorted considerations. The foreign linguistic communication Germanof pick to be learned is of premier importance. for if the chase of this linguistic communication does non give any concrete productive consequences save for personal satisfaction. the class would so be considered superficial. if non at all futile. Some people have admitted that they took a class or two in Gallic and Italian because they are considered the linguistic communications of love affair and. more so. they are the linguistic communications of the nouveau riche and the culturally refined. Take these non as an onslaught on the nature of the Gallic and Italian linguistic communications. but instead as an expounding of how people perceive certain foreign linguistic communications. By comparing. the German linguistic communication would be a less popular option for undergraduates. salvage for those who chose it as their major and for those who have been required to take it under their course of study. Most people would ab initio hold with Mark Twain’s contemplation: German is an atrocious linguistic communication. If a literary mastermind like him had a instead difficult clip learning German. what more an ordinary individual? : Not to oppugn Twain’s posturing. but the times have changed and the encephalon capacity of worlds have really evolved: the German linguistic communication has. over the old ages. earned its ain followers and people have really realized that it is an astonishing linguistic communication to prosecute. So. why learn German? That would be a tough inquiry to reply since it would be similar to inquiring why one would even trouble oneself larning a foreign linguistic communication. In the Philippines. people already have their fill of a foreign linguistic communication. what with English being so ingrained in our cultural subconscious. So. why fuss larning another foreign linguistic communication and why should it be German? Save for some really personal grounds. like desiring to understand a relation in Austria or to work in Germany after college. there are other varied grounds why one should be larning the German linguistic communication. some of which could really be socially. intellectually and economically fulfilling. For starting motors. contrary to what Mark Twain had been stating. German is an easy yet astonishing linguistic communication to larn. If one already knows English. so he already has an advantage. The two linguistic communications portion many similarities in both vocabulary and grammar. owed much to the fact that they portion common lineage with the Germanic linguistic communications. Plus. German is a phonetically interesting linguistic communication. Equally much as one finds it instead disputing to put to death. due to its varied pharynx sounds. German phonetics makes it easy to foretell how the spoken words are written and how the written words are pronounced. One might hold likely heard of the footings German precision and German efficiency . refering to the manner by which merchandises made in Germany have been conceived and constructed. Truly. linguistic communication is brooding of civilization. and. as such. one could safely state that the precise and efficient German linguistic communication is brooding of its precise and efficient people. And it is no admiration that Germans are known worldwide to be great pioneers and profound minds. Gutenberg’s construct of the printing imperativeness. Einstein’s theory of relativity and Brandenburg’s creative activity of the MP3 digital music format are all testaments to German preciseness and efficiency. Marx’s Manifesto. Nietzsche’s Hagiographas and Hegel’s doctrine are all testaments to the reconditeness of the German imaginativeness and mind. Knowledge. if non at all command. of the German linguistic communication allows one to entree the plants of these people in their original linguistic communication. therefore leting one to to the full understand the intrigues of their doctrine or engineering. Anyone interested in the same Fieldss could automatically spread out their cognition and accomplishment by cognizing the linguistic communication. If one wishes to be in the cringle of universe events. one can non be free from the shadow of Germany and its civilization. The influence of German civilization in the universe sphere can non be denied. and they instigate this influence more via the power of their engineering. With 4 of the world’s 10 most advanced companies located in Germany. they hold 12. 7 % of the world’s patent applications. Bing a state committed to research and development. Germany exports more high-technology merchandises than any other state except the United States. Companies like BMW. Daimler. Siemens. Bosch and many others enabled Germany to go the 3rd strongest economic system and the figure one export state in the universe. Surely. companies such as these need competent employees and international spouses. With all other things equal. the occupation campaigner with cognition of the German linguistic communication would already derive an employment advantage. And this would non be limited to Germany. If one is looking for employment in the United States. cognition of the German linguistic communication would be a great border since German companies account for approximately 700. 000 occupations in the state. Bing one of the economically strongest states in the universe. it would non be a surprise to cognize that Germany is besides one of its greater political powers. act uponing the international policies of the European Union and even the United States. Knowledge of the German linguistic communication would let one to understand how their policies are written and how it affects universe events. For rightly. the actions of these political powers affect each and every authorities and economic system in the universe. might every bit good understand where they are coming from and how they are influenced. Truly. cognition of the German linguistic communication brings about the personal satisfaction of cognizing that one speaks in the linguistic communication of great minds and pioneers. But. in this fast paced universe. cognition of the German linguistic communication finally gives one the chance to understand. if non at all participate in. universe events. may it be intellectually. politically or economically. Language has become the primary tool of linking states. therefore unifying the universe one linguistic communication at a clip. So hold your ain say. learn German today.

Culture of FearWhy Barry Glassners Book Matters

Culture of FearWhy Barry Glassner's Book Matters The unsettling news of the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 was still lingering when another Malaysia Airlines flight was destroyed by a surface-to-air missile over the eastern Ukraine in July  2014. Later that year, an Indonesia AirAsia flight crashed into the ocean, killing all on board. Less than a year later, 150 people were murdered when a pilot intentionally crashed a Germanwings jet into the French Alps. With sensational news stories like these circulating in our media, its no wonder that the dangers of air travel are on the minds of many. Seated on a plane as its engines rev for takeoff, one cant help but think about the possibility of disaster. But truth be told, the risk of flight is actually quite small. The risk of being involved in a crash that results in deaths is just 1 in 3.4 million, and the risk of being killed in a crash a slim 1 in 4.7 million. In other words, you have a 0.0000002 percent chance of dying in a plane crash (this according to data compiled by PlaneCrashInfo.com, covering the years 1993-2012). By comparison, one has a far greater risk of dying in a car crash, while playing American football, canoeing, jogging, cycling, or attending a dance party.  Really. Glassners Culture of Fear Thesis Explains Our Misplaced Concerns So, why do we fear the wildly unlikely while many realistic threats go unnoticed? Sociologist Barry Glassner wrote a book about this very question  and found that by focusing our fear on non-threats, we actually fail to see the very real threats to our health, safety, rights, and economic well-being that ever-present throughout our societies. More than anything, Glassner argues  in The Culture of Fear  that it is our  perception  of the danger of things like crime and plane crashes that has grown, not the actual threats themselves. In fact, in both instances, the risks these pose to us have declined over time, and are lower today than they were in the past. Through a series of compelling case studies, Glassner illustrates how the profit-model of journalism compels media to focus on unusual events, especially bloody ones. As a consequence,  Atypical tragedies grab our attention while widespread problems go unaddressed. Often, as he documents, politicians and heads of corporations fuel these trends, as they stand to benefit politically and economically from them. The costs to us and to society can be great, as Glassner writes,  Emotional reactions to rare but disturbing events also lead to expensive and ineffective public policy. An example of this phenomenon is Jessicas Law, which requires all sex offenders in the state of California, even if they had only offended once as a juvenile, to see a psychologist before being paroled (previously this happened only if they had offended twice). As a result, in 2007 no more offenders were directed to psychiatric help than had been previously, but the state spent $24 million in just one year on this process. News Media Fails to Adequately Cover Real Threats By focusing on unlikely but sensational threats, news media fail to cover actual threats, and thus they tend not to register in public consciousness. Glassner points out the exceptional media coverage that surrounds the kidnapping of toddlers (primarily those who are white), when the widespread  systemic problems of poverty and underfunded, inadequate education, which affect vast numbers of children in our society, go largely ignored. This happens because, as Glassner observes, dangerous trends that have been around for a long time are unappealing to the media they are not new and, so, not considered newsworthy. Despite this, the threats they pose are great. Getting back to plane crashes, Glassner points out that while news media are honest with readers about the low risk of flight, they sensationalize that risk nonetheless, and make it seem much greater than it is. By focusing on this non-story, they divert resources from covering important issues and real threats that deserve our attention and action. In todays world we would be better served by reporting- especially by local news sources- on threats like that to our well-being posed by economic inequality, which is at its highest in nearly a century; the forces that conspire to produce an increasing number of mass-shootings; and the many and varied  threats posed by systemic racism to what will soon be the majority of the U.S. population.

Family genogram progect Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Family genogram progect - Term Paper Example My parents did raise me, however, to believe in the tenants of religion and the teachings that are important in any religious observance. These teachings include the admonition that I must treat everybody with kindness and respect; that I must not judge anybody, as I am not perfect myself; that I must love my neighbor as myself; and that I must not become too enamored of material things, because material things are not what brings true happiness. My parents are very traditionalists, aside from the fact that they are not religious overtly. Their parents were even more traditionalists, and they observed more traditional religion. They believed not only in the Supreme Being, but they also believed in lesser gods, ancestral spirits and magic and medicine. In a way, my grandparents shaped my religious identity more than my parents did. This is because I believe, at least somewhat, in the old ways of my grandparents. I understand that Christianity has some of the same beliefs as what my grandparents ascribed to, which includes the beliefs in guardian angels and the like. I also believe that my ancestors are watching over me, like a kind of guardian angel. My beliefs in magic and medicine are derived from my grandparents, and they are translated into my beliefs in the Tarot and astrology. In other words, I have more of a mystical basis for my overall belief system that does not necessarily comport with Christianity, but is more in line with my grandparents. And, from my parents, come the values that they have taught me, which I have listed above. As far as the sociopolitical foundations of my family, my parents showed the typical exchange theory of labor within the family dynamic, which means that my mother had the role as a homemaker, and she exchanged her labor for my father’s economic provisions. My grandparents have exhibited the same type of exchange. I am different, however, as I am raising my three teenagers on my own, with some

Wk5 Implementation, Strategic Controls, and Contingency Plans Essay

Wk5 Implementation, Strategic Controls, and Contingency Plans - Essay Example One of the noted weaknesses of Apple is its poor relationship with the market than Microsoft (Iftikhar, 2013). This means that for many years, Apple has the consensus of specifying its own standards, rather than the standards of customers. This could mean more of a production-centred management strategy of products, rather than market or customer-centred approach. For this reason, it is necessary to ensure that Apple will take seriously the necessity of ensuring the voices of the customers are constantly heard in its production setting. On the other hand, Iftikhar noted that the products of Apple have very short life cycle, implying that constant maintenance of the research and development department has to be initiated. This prevailing management system has to be changed for good. Thus, the research and development department has to be dynamic, but on the other side, should also be one of the most expensive departments at Apple. Thus, it is necessary to ensure huge capital for this reason. The management therefore, in order to ensure a sustainable competitive advantage should further double its effort in research and development, primarily for the associated expenses of its actual operation. This is to suggest that point that Apple should primarily put the context of adjusting its budget for research and development much more than what is has tried so far from the past until recently. In addition, Apple according to Iftikhar has very low presence in the advertisement. The marketing department should therefore try to improve its strategic approach in communicating its product offerings. This means that in order to ensure a sustainable growth for its offerings and retention in the market, Apple should ensure constant communication and a wide coverage of its message to its market. Finally, Iftikhar also pointed out that Apple has very small market occupation. This issue is one pertaining to organizational

Four hours with the CSPD Essay Example for Free

Four hours with the CSPD Essay I want to express my gratitude and share my ride-a-long experience. The first thing I had to do was contact the Colorado Springs Stetson Hills Area Command to schedule my ride-along. I read the departments ride-along program policy and I received instructions on what I had to do to fulfill the necessary program requirements. Once the initial paperwork was done, a few signatures, a waiver and a criminal background check, I was ready to go. On the day of my ride-along while in the waiting room I met another person who was on a ride-along for class credit as well. After newly hour of waiting I finally met my officer. The officer that was chosen to allow me to ride-along was a female officer. Following her introduction we headed out to the Charger. I was giving a walkie-talkie with an earpiece so that I could listen to the communication from the dispatch. We entered the vehicle, buckled up and started on our way. In the cruiser the officer had logged into her laptop to check her files and looked at any updates on her calls. I was informed that my experience would vary just as much as the calls that the officers went out on from day to day. Some of my responsibilities were that I had to be self-sufficient, be able to think ahead, have the ability to know where I was and most importantly enjoy myself. Our first call was about an attempted shoplifting at a Safeway store. I had the opportunity to drive around the neighborhood and see homes were suspected criminal activity was believed to be. We also responded to a runaway from home. The last thing we did was make a traffic stop for an expired license plate registration. The great thing about the day was that I was able to ask her questions about how police procedures work and how they operate. My hope after this experience is that more people will carry themselves in the manner I observed during my ride-along and recognize what an asset and a delight our officers are to our city. I am now a huge fan of law enforcement because all the officers I saw or had contact with were kind, helpful and efficient. They often work alone, in remote areas. What was interesting to me was the amount of conservation the Officer engaged in. It was revealed through the ride-a-long that Officers do much more than enforce laws. An Officers job is much more than writing tickets. They conduct ongoing public relations. What a wonderful experience for me to see officers respond to incidents involving citizens and watch them handle situations in the same way I believe I would. I now have a completely different outlook and understanding of what our men and women in law enforcement must do every day to keep us safe. I was very impressed with the way they all conducted themselves while performing their duties. They were professional and tactful in the way he interacted with the people they had contact with throughout my ride-along. Each person was treated with the same level of respect. Watching the officer perform her duties made me feel completely safe as she showed complete competence. I found this experience to be informative and I saw a side of law enforcement that most of us never see. I recommend that others in our community spend time with our officers, as I did. My ride alone ended up after four hours and it was certainly eye-opening experience. I sympathize so much with the police officers now. Also I think that everyone should go do a ride-along program at least once in their lifetime, it will change the way you think about them. By the time we finished, I didnt witness any arrests or have the opportunity to blow through any red lights with blaring sirens but I was still impressed. For me it was a pretty fulfilling shift. I got to participate in the Colorado Springs Police Departments Ride-along program and I got to ride shotgun with one of the Springs finest. She even offered to let me stay on until her shift ended if I wanted to. The officer said that this ride-along was a pretty run-of-the-mill shift. Fortunately, there was no major violence during my ride. My hope, after this experience, is that more people will do a ride-along and recognize what an asset and a delight our officers are to our city.

Same Sex Marriage Essay -- Homosexuality, argumentative, persuasive

Many years ago one may have thought that marriage was just between a man and a woman but today that is not always the case. People of this era have now begun to exploring a new aspect of marriage, same sex marriage. Should two people of the same sex be allowed to marry? Throughout the years same sex couples have been pursuing the same rights as heterosexual couples. Since the 1970s homosexual couples have been trying climb this social ladder and gain their civil rights. They have been seeking the government recognition as a domestic partnership since the 1980’s. it wasn’t until the late 1990s when the state of California legalized domestic partnership but very few followed. This allowed extended rights to couples that weren’t married. But the couples’ partnership was only recognized in the state in which they were married. Gay and lesbian couples then began to seek recognition from the government through civil union. Even though it was still only recognized in the state in which the union was performed, civil union gave the unmarried couples even more extended rights. This was first passed by Vermont 2000 and yet again only a few followed. Homosexuals still felt that even though domestic partnerships and civil unions were major break troughs they were not marriage. Neither of domestic partnership nor civil union would have even contributed to the court cases of the Estate of Cooper and Dean v. District of Columbia. In the Estate of Cooper case of 1993, Cooper died and left his belongings to his ex-spouse. His present spouse sued hoping to inherit his belongings as a â€Å"surviving spouse†. The court denied his case and stated that a â€Å"surviving spouse† is considered only as a lawfully recognized husband or wife. In 1995, in the ... ...r marriage to be between one man and one woman, not between two men or two women. Same sex marriage is nothing but detestation. â€Å"If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination: They shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them. Letiviticus 20:13† Works Cited http://www.equalitymaine.org/marriage-civil-unions-and-domestic-partnerships-comparison http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0922609.html http://www.casebriefs.com/blog/law/wills-trusts-estates/wills-trusts-estates-keyed-to-dobris/estate-and-trust-administration/in-re-estate-of-cooper-2/ http://www.ncsl.org/default.aspx?tabid=16430 http://www.mit.edu/~thistle/v13/3/marriage.html http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/dstd/Press_Releases/STDGay2000.htm http://atwar.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/18/more-legal-maneuvering-in-dont-ask-dont-tell-repeal/

In class Assignment

The point in the issue is that the common understanding of the idea and language is efferent in different cultures. Thus all the companies should mix up different culture people so people can understand different cultures. In the Bell's example illustrates the different cultural thinking where pantomime tradition and since ancient times in plays leading man is being played by lady and vice-versa wherein American people thought that all these people enjoying are freaks and the play is politically incorrect.As in nonverbal communication is considered in Indian culture while greeting people put their hands together with a slightly bow of their head and saying â€Å"Names† which wows respect amongst each other while in Western culture while greeting people is quite important to shake hands, make an eye contact and kiss on checks is necessary.When a company has definite values of business which would lead to equality amongst employees belonging to different cultures the communicati on would be difficult amongst everybody and people would not be able to reach an expectation of their colleagues but gradually with the time span goes people would know an individual's perspective, values and beliefs which would help them to build an right expectation further it creates respect amongst employees. So according to me yes it is good idea to grow a company with multicultural environment and let people know other people.Businesses with multicultural people have its advantages and disadvantages. For instance, considering it as an advantage it is useful to for increasing knowledge of different cultures and worldwide involvement which leads a strong base of globalization whereas on other side there are also certain disadvantage of getting along with different cultures as in there can be high risk of discrimination.

Agricultural Policy of Bangladesh Essay

Agriculture is the dominant economic activity in Bangladesh and regarded as the lifeline of the Bangladesh economy. Its role is vital in enhancing productivity, profitability and employment in the rural areas for improving the wellbeing of the poor. As the largest private enterprise, agriculture (crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry) contributes about 21% of the GDP, sustains the livelihood of about 52% of the labour force, and remains a major supplier of raw materials for agro-based industries. Agriculture plays an important role in the overall economic development of Bangladesh. Agriculture is also a social sector concerned with issues like food and nutritional security, income generation and poverty reduction. Besides, it is the biggest source of market for a variety of consumer goods, including consumer durables particularly in the rural area. Hence, improvement in agricultural sector performance and acceleration in its growth are critical to reducing rural poverty. 1. 2 Agricuture sector encompasses crops, fisheries, livestock, and forestry sub-sectors. Separate policies on livestock, fisheries and forestry have been formulated by the respective ministries. In this perspective, Ministry of Agriculture has drafted this policy document in order to undertake and guide development activities in the crops sub-sector. As expected, policies aimed at crop production in the areas of reaserch, extension, seeds, fertilisers, minor irrigation, marketing, gender and HRD have prominence in this document. Since crop sector plays a major role in Bangladesh agriculture and gets the utmost importance in various agriculture related programmes of the government, this policy document for the development of crop sector is, therefore, entitled as the National Agriculture Policy. It is estimated that the agricultural land is declining by 1% per year and the land quality is deteriorating owing to degradation of soil fertility (e. g. nutrient imbalance), soil erosion and soil salinity. In addition, water resources are also shrinking. In order to produce more food for an increasing population, and raw materials for agro-industries, there is a need for increasing agricultural growth through higher productivity, including increased yield, agricultural intensification and diversification, and value addition. The overarching goal of the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) matches with Millennium Development Goals (MDG) of achieving 50% reduction in the proportion of population living below the poverty by 2015. In addition to maintaining a sound macro-economic framework, the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP), entitled Unlocking the Potential National Strategy for Accelerated Poverty Reduction (GoB, 2005), highlights the need for higher growth in rural areas, development of agriculture and rural non-farm economic activities as one of the four priority areas to accelerating pro-poor economic growth. In order to achieve the GDP growth rate of 7% per year, agriculture must grow by at least 4-4. 5% per year (PRSP, 2005). This is presumably possible through an increase in agricultural productivity (for crops, horticulture, livestock, fisheries and forestry) based on modern agricultural technology and a supply chain linking farmers with consumers in the domestic as well as overseas markets. Small farms dominate the agrarian structure of Bangladesh. Therefore, performance of the sector greatly affects economic progress and people s livelihood. To reduce rural poverty 2 and improve rural livelihoods, it is necessary to recognize and to develop existing agricultural production system into a more dynamic and viable commercial sector. Agriculture has the potential to reduce food deficit as well as shortage of industrial raw materials, and also to generate employment opportunities with reasonable income, which will in turn help improve the standard of living of the rural people. The growth potential of most of the crops and other agricultural commodities are substantially higher than present level of production. 1. 7 Sustainable intensification and diversification of agriculture through technological change requires an efficient and productive agricultural technology system comprising agricultural research and extension. This needs to be supported by appropriate value addition and market linkages. Enhancing productivity, resource use efficiency, using cutting age science, experimental facilities and above all productivity and maintaining a reservoir of first-rate human resources to sustain knowledge-intensive agriculture has become critically important. The Bangladesh agriculture demands considerable scientific and technological input. Today s complex national and economic environment requires increase in the effectiveness of the public expenditure in research and extension system. Major challenges for the Bangladesh agriculture are to raising productivity and profitability, reducing instability, increasing resource-use efficiency, ensuring equity, improving quality; and meeting demands for diversification & commercialization of agriculture. 1. 9 The existing National Agricultural Policy was adopted in April, 1999. With the passage of time some issues and concerns have emerged in agriculture, in some cases with new dimension. For instance, dwindling agricultural resources, declining biodiversity, climate change, increasing frequency & intensity of natural disasters, increasing input prices, soaring food prices etc. require transformation of agriculture in such a way that would address challenges to meet demands. This necessitates the revision and updating the earlier document to make it relevant to the present agro-economic context. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) of Agriculture Sector For developing of a pragmatic and effective and efficient national agricultural policy, it is a pre-requisite to gauge the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats that are associated with the issues of policy interventions.

Free Essays on Gérard, François

Gà ©rard, Franà §ois 1. Life and work. He spent most of his childhood in Rome. His talent as an artist revealed itself early and during this period he acquired a love of Italian painting and music, which he never lost. In 1782 his family returned to Paris, where, through the connections of his father’s employer Louis-Auguste le Tonnelier, Baron de Breteuil, Minister of the King’s Household, Gà ©rard was admitted to the Pension du Roi, a small teaching establishment for young artists which had been founded by the Marquis de Marigny. After 18 months he entered the studio of the sculptor Augustin Pajou, where he remained for two years, before transferring to that of the painter Nicolas-Guy Brenet. He became a pupil of David in 1786 and quickly found special favour with his master. In 1789 Gà ©rard competed for the Prix de Rome and his entry, Joseph Revealing himself to his Brethren (Angers, Mus. B.-A.), was placed second; the winner was Girodet. He did not submit in 1790, being preoccupied with his father’s illness and death- after which he returned to Italy with his mother and two younger brothers. Back in Paris by mid-1791 he became David’s assistant in the painting of the Death of Le Pelletier de Saint Fargeau (destr.) in 1793 and the following year won first prize in the National Convention’s competition on the theme of its historic session of 10th of August 1792 (prize drawing, Paris, Louvre; unfinished canvas, London, priv. col.). Although the project lapsed, his success secured him lodgings and a studio in the Louvre. The design was much praised by David- its composition was inspired by his own Oath of the Jeu de Paume (never completed) and through his influence Gà ©rard was spared military service, though only at the cost of sitt ing on the Revolutionary Tribunal. (He avoided most, if not all, of its sanguinary sessions by feigning illness.) On the death of his mother in 1793, Gà ©rard married her sister and assumed respon... Free Essays on Gà ©rard, Franà §ois Free Essays on Gà ©rard, Franà §ois Gà ©rard, Franà §ois 1. Life and work. He spent most of his childhood in Rome. His talent as an artist revealed itself early and during this period he acquired a love of Italian painting and music, which he never lost. In 1782 his family returned to Paris, where, through the connections of his father’s employer Louis-Auguste le Tonnelier, Baron de Breteuil, Minister of the King’s Household, Gà ©rard was admitted to the Pension du Roi, a small teaching establishment for young artists which had been founded by the Marquis de Marigny. After 18 months he entered the studio of the sculptor Augustin Pajou, where he remained for two years, before transferring to that of the painter Nicolas-Guy Brenet. He became a pupil of David in 1786 and quickly found special favour with his master. In 1789 Gà ©rard competed for the Prix de Rome and his entry, Joseph Revealing himself to his Brethren (Angers, Mus. B.-A.), was placed second; the winner was Girodet. He did not submit in 1790, being preoccupied with his father’s illness and death- after which he returned to Italy with his mother and two younger brothers. Back in Paris by mid-1791 he became David’s assistant in the painting of the Death of Le Pelletier de Saint Fargeau (destr.) in 1793 and the following year won first prize in the National Convention’s competition on the theme of its historic session of 10th of August 1792 (prize drawing, Paris, Louvre; unfinished canvas, London, priv. col.). Although the project lapsed, his success secured him lodgings and a studio in the Louvre. The design was much praised by David- its composition was inspired by his own Oath of the Jeu de Paume (never completed) and through his influence Gà ©rard was spared military service, though only at the cost of sitt ing on the Revolutionary Tribunal. (He avoided most, if not all, of its sanguinary sessions by feigning illness.) On the death of his mother in 1793, Gà ©rard married her sister and assumed respon...

Baseball Bats Essay Research Paper In any

Baseball Bats Essay, Research Paper In any game, the equipment participants use determines the manner the game unfolds. Try to conceive of a association football game played with an American football! Or seek playing tennis with the wooden rackets of 30 old ages ago. Change the equipment, and you discover a really different game. As portion of my expression at baseball, I decided to analyze the tool of the baseball trade: Bats. Possibly the most important and seeable tool in baseball is the chiropteran. A chiropteran is the violative arm, the tool with which tallies are scored. To understand the history and scientific discipline of chiropterans, I read a magazine published by Louisville Slugger, in Louisville, Kentucky place of the Hillerich A ; Bradsby Company, Inc. ( besides known as H A ; B ) , the makers of possibly America # 8217 ; s most celebrated chiropteran, the Louisville Slugger. Through the reading I learned how the modern chiropteran came to be, and what it might become. In 1884, John Andrew Bud Hillerich played truancy from his male parent # 8217 ; s woodworking store and went to a baseball game. There he watched a star participant, Pete The Old Gladiator Browning, fighting in a batting slack. After the game, Hillerich invited Browning back to the store, where they picked out a piece of white ash, and Hillerich began doing a chiropteran. They worked tardily into the dark, with Browning giving advice and taking pattern swings from clip to clip. What happened following is legend. The following twenty-four hours, Browning went three-for-three, and shortly the new chiropteran was in demand across the conference. H A ; B flourished from at that place. First called the Falls City Slugger, the new chiropteran was called the Louisville Slugger by 1894. Though Hillerich # 8217 ; s father thought chiropterans were an undistinguished point, and preferred to go on doing more reliable points like bedposts and bowling pins, chiropterans became a quickly turning portion of the household concern. Merely as it was back so, the authoritative Louisville Slugger chiropteran used by today # 8217 ; s professional participants is made from white ash. The wood is specially selected from woods in Pennsylvania and New York. The trees they use must be at least 50 old ages old before they are harvested. After crop, the wood is dried for six to eight months to a precise wet degree. The best quality wood is selected for pro chiropterans ; the other 90 per centum is used for consumer market chiropterans. White ash is used for its combination of hardness, strength, weight, feel, and lastingness. In past old ages, H A ; B have made some chiropterans out of hickory. But hickory lumber is much heavier than ash, and participants today want visible radiation chiropterans because they # 8217 ; ve discovered that they can hit the ball further by singing the chiropteran fast. So they can # 8217 ; t do the chiropterans out of hickory. Though Babe Ruth, one of the all-time great home-run batters, used a 42 or a 44 ounce chiropteran, participants today use chiropterans that weigh around 32 ounces. Even batters like Mark McGwire and Ken Griffey, Jr. merely use 33 ounce chiropterans because they want to bring forth great chiropteran velocity. How do you do a wooden chiropteran you ask. Here? s how. The wood is milled into unit of ammunition, 37 inch spaces, or notes, which are shipped to the H A ; B mill in Louisville. There they are turned on a tracer lathe, utilizing a metal templet that guides the lathe # 8217 ; s blades. These templets are set up to the specifications of each pro participant. Then the chiropterans are fire-branded with the Louisville Slugger grade. This grade is put on the flat of the wood # 8217 ; s grain, where the chiropteran is weakest. Players learn to swing with the label facing either up or down, so that they can strike the ball with the border grain, where the chiropteran is strongest. Hiting on the level grain will more frequently than non ensue in a broken chiropteran. Finally, the chiropterans are dipped into one of several possible water-basedcoatings or varnishes, which gives chiropterans their concluding colour and protective coat. Each participant selects the coating they desire, while a few participants, such as former Kansas City Royals star George Brett, chose to go forth their chiropterans unfinished. Players today may travel through every bit many as six or seven twelve chiropterans in a season. ( In early old ages, participants used merely use 10s or twelve chiropterans. ) In fact, one participant, Joe Sewell, used the same chiropteran for 14 old ages. Joe attributes the increased breakage of chiropterans to the thin-handled, large-barreled design of modern chiropterans, and to the usage of ash alternatively of hickory. A pitch that jams you inside will about ever saw off a modern chiropteran, while an aluminium or antique hickory chiropteran might bring forth a base hit. Though the fabrication procedure for chiropteran has stayed mostly the same, the design of the pro wood chiropteran has changed a great trade since 1884. The early chiropterans had really small taper, ensuing in a chiropteran with a really thick grip and a comparatively little barrel. The early chiropterans about look like person merely took an ax grip and used it for a chiropteran. Modern participants want a thin grip and a big barrel, to concentrate the weight of the chiropteran in the hitting country. By major conference ordinances, chiropterans must be round with a barrel of no more than 2 3/4 inches. They can be up to 42 inches in length ; there is no ordinance about the chiropteran # 8217 ; s weight. One of the few inventions to the design of the wooden chiropteran is cutting acup out of the terminal of a chiropteran. Developed by a pro participant named Jose Cardinal in 1972, this cup can # 8217 ; t be more than 2 inches in breadth, and 1 inch deep. The cupped chiropteran allows the chiropteran shaper to utilize a heavier, denser, stronger lumber, while still keeping the desirable chiropteran weight. Recently, Ted Williams visited the Louisville Slugger Company and he said that if he was playing today, all of his chiropterans would be cupped. About half the pro chiropterans made by H A ; B today are cupped chiropterans. Throughout the history of baseball, participants in hunt of an border have doctored, or altered, chiropterans in many unusual ways. The chief scheme has been corking the chiropteran. Players cut the terminal of the chiropteran away, bore a hole down into the barrel of the chiropteran, and make full the hole with cork, so glue the terminal back on. This is an effort to buoy up the chiropteran, and give it more spring or bounciness. But truly this does nil advantageous to the chiropteran. In fact, the chiropteran gets weaker, because they? ve drilled out the bosom of it. You may retrieve the clip when [ pro participant ] Graig Nettles put a clump of gum elasticsuperballs inside his chiropteran, and the chiropteran broke, and all the balls spilled out. Nettles attributes the continuity of corking more to head games between the participants than to any advantage a corky chiropteran might hold. Players have besides been known to rub their chiropterans with ham castanetss or glass bottles, a procedure called boning, in an effort to indurate the chiropteran. However, this pattern doesn # 8217 ; t seem to bring forth any benefit beyond the psychological either. In early yearss, some batters would illicitly hammer nails into their chiropterans so that the ball would strike Fe. Even if the chiropteran could be made harder, it would merely decrease striking. Solid wood chiropterans give really small in the impact country, and therefore they store really small energy. What small they do store, they give back [ to the ball ] really expeditiously. On the other manus, the ball distorts a batch under impact, and is comparatively inefficient in giving the energy back. So a harder chiropteran merely consequences in more distortion of the ball, and a lesser hit. The inquiry that come to us following was, but what about a metal chiropteran? The most stupefying alteration in baseball chiropterans in the past 30 old ages started in the 1970s, when chiropterans made from tubings of aluminium began to look. These tubings are machined to change the wall thickness and the diameter, and bring forth chiropterans that are light, strong, and hollow, as opposed to the solid wood. At first, the aluminium chiropteran was merely a metal transcript of a wooden chiropteran. They were merely more lasting, so they were cheaper to utilize. But makers and participants shortly discovered that there were other differences every bit good. Aluminum chiropterans are rather different than wooden 1s. They # 8217 ; re much lighter, more than five ounces. The barrels are bigger, and because they are lighter they can be swung faster than a wooden chiropteran. In add-on, the hardness and resiliency of aluminium can ensue in much greater velocities when the ball comes off the chiropteran. Major League Baseball has required that its participants use wooden chiropterans, but the aluminium chiropteran has come to rule the lower degrees of baseball, from Little League to American Legion to the college game. The most important difference between wooden and aluminium chiropterans is that with an aluminium chiropteran, a phenomenon occurs called the # 8216 ; trampoline effect. # 8217 ; The walls of the chiropteran are thin plenty that they deform, or flex when the ball hits the chiropteran. Some of the energy ( of the hit ) is transferred into the chiropteran alternatively of the ball. That energy is about wholly elastic ; it is given back, or bouncinesss back, about 100 per centum. The energy absorbed when the ball is deformed is about 75 per centum lost to heat, and therefore wasted every bit far as impeling the ball. Because of this trampoline consequence, you can hit the ball slightly faster, and slightly farther. In fact, when the NCAA approved the usage of aluminium chiropterans in 1974, H A ; B started comparing statistics and found that the squad batting norms went up about 20 points, and the home-run production about doubled. The primary ground that wooden chiropterans are required in the pros is due to this public presentation difference. The pro conferences want to protect their historical records, and they desire the public presentation of the game to be the consequence of human ability, instead than the engineering of the chiropterans. Ever-increasing public presentation of metal chiropterans has begun to impact the game at the college degree and below. Aluminum chiropteran shapers have been researching stronger and lighter metal metals. The consequences include ever-lighter chiropterans with dilutant walls, and accordingly higher chiropteran velocities and even greater trampoline effects. A ball hit by these chiropterans travels further and faster. In add-on, H A ; B has already made a chiropteran called the AirAttack in which a polyurethane vesica is inserted into the centre hollow, so filled with pressurized N gas. The gas force per unit area in the vesica supports chiropteran walls, forcing them out after they are deformed under impact. This support allows a much dilutant wall and a greater trampoline consequence. H A ; B has a playground ball chiropteran called the Inertia, in which the inside of the chiropteran contains a rolled-up steel spring that does the same thing. Batting norms and home-run production have gone up systematically at the college degree as these progresss have appeared. Titanium was used briefly, but it was rapidly prohibited because that metal # 8217 ; s combination of high strength, light weight, and snap was clearly traveling to consequence in shattering all striking records in all stages of the game. You could really grab the barrel of the chiropteran in your custodies and squeezing, and you could experience the chiropteran spring. The trampoline consequence was tremendous, and though Ti was banned, Louisville Slugger learned a batch about how to do aluminium chiropterans achieve the same consequence. Recently, a het argument has broken out over the widespread usage of aluminium chiropterans in college conferences. Many in baseball fright that modern engineering is making a superbat, which will irrevocably change the game and endanger participants. Indeed, the regulations commissions are diligently looking at the public presentation of chiropterans, and they have already put some bounds on public presentation ; they may good add more. They are non merely concerned about the unity of the game, the balance between discourtesy and defence, but they are besides concerned about safety. The NCAA regulations commission has decreed that many modern metal chiropterans are unsafe to participants and disruptive to the game. The high velocity of the ball coming off the these metal chiropteran has put hurlers in danger, as a line thrust hit at them may be going excessively fast for them to acquire out of the manner. And the energy of a hit ball additions as the square of the speed, so a fast hit can make more harm. As a consequence, the NCAA has ordered late that chiropteran makers alter their designs to do chiropterans heavier, with a smaller barrel. And baseball organisations from college to Little League are sing a return to a wooden chiropterans merely policy, though the disbursal of wooden chiropterans may do such a move impracticable.

Law for Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Law for Managers - Essay Example The concept of â€Å"foreseenability† in many cases is correlated with the issue of a reasonable practicability. Anyway, the employer should provide employees with a certain degree of safety, but risk assessment is placed totally on employees only. It is relevant to consider any type of possible risks. Every employer can make a decision and he can also ignore safety issues. In any case, every employer should be assured that he provided his employees with an efficient level of safety and guaranteed their risks avoidance. On the example of the available cases, the implications of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 are considered further on. Moreover, current literature sources are provided for further considerations about flexibility and challenge of the Act. Legal Authorities (Cases) Thus, for example, when a child was injured and took a used hypodermic syringe, the doctor was accused of failing to ensure health and safety issues of the person. A child took a syringe from a shelf, which was further replaced by another higher shelf. In the result of this accident: â€Å"The doctor was fined ?5,000 under Section 3(2) of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 for failing to ensure the health and safety of a person not in her employment and was also ordered to pay the full prosecution costs of ?981.68† (Everley,1999). ... An employee could not transport 935 kilograms of LPG and it was very soon ignited by a nearby gas leakage. Consequently, the Managing Director of the company did not follow HSE guidance and failed to follow the minimum distance to be maintained between vehicles and fuel tanks containing LPG (HSE, 2010). This is a resonance case and in many similar cases the responsibility is applied for the employers. Very often a personal responsibility of employees is omitted. Another case, when the Managing Director and managers of the company were prosecuted for offences, which related to an outbreak of Legionnaire’s disease. This bacterium was transferred from one employee to another and it was very difficult for the managers of the company to stop the expansion of this disease. The towers were not properly cleaned and in the result of this neglectful attitude the expansion of the disease were motivated. This case illustrated that: â€Å"the HSE will not only prosecute companies but also Managing Directors if they are found to be negligent† (HSE, 2010). Moreover, it is appropriate to appeal for the personal liability issues in terms of this Act. Thus, personal liability for offences under s 37(1) of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 was issued at almost the same date of the corporate manslaughter Bill received the Royal Assent. It is possible to correlate these two legal regulation Acts. Moreover, a special attention should be paid to ss 7 and 36 of the HSWA 1974. Section 7 is focused on the employees’ responsibility of their safety. In other words, every employee should be responsible for his own actions at work, because the HSWA 1974 is known as â€Å"the primary focus for all health and safety legislation in the UK† (Barnard 1998, p. 1).